I'm trying to envision how one would plant
3 pounds of tomato seed...

And frankly, I'm surprised nothing at all came up. Given my success with 14-15 year old seed, I would have expected
something out of thousands (tens of thousands?) of seeds.
But yes, there are limits. One never really knows what those limits are until they have been exceeded. I test those limits constantly, and have several losses in peppers & soybeans that delineate the limits for those species. Even then, it is not simple... hot peppers seem to last longer than sweet peppers, and grain soybeans last longer than edamame. Thus far, I have yet to lose a tomato variety in storage.
Richter's Seed Zoo is a poor example, since by their own admission, they don't grow that seed. It is just collected elsewhere, and re-packaged by them. Presumably there was little to no control during plant growth, seed harvest & processing, and storage prior to them packaging the seed... so no telling what conditions the seeds were exposed to. Essentially that aspect of their business acts more like a germplasm resource, rather than a commercial seed operation. Do they even have germination rates on their seeds?