I love the idea with using the fish! I've been wanting to experiment with aquaponics. I may just stick to the liquid feed at first. Gotta find out what I can mix with fish. I dont want any 3 eyed fish swimming around.
You can dose with P,K,N, and most trace elements directly into the water without harming the fish. The biggest killer is your nitrogen (usually found in the form of nitrate and if your nitrate is kept under 20ppm your fish will be fine). Most times you shouldn't have to dose with any N source as the fish waste is broken down into nitrates and will be taken up by your plants. I try to keep my aquarium with aquatic plants at around 5ppm so I know that the plants are not short on N and the fish will tolerate that level just fine.
The 2 biggest things are flow or GPH (gallons per hour) that the plants are exposed to and biological surface area. The more total water volume that passes over the plants the more nutrients they have available to pull up within in reason of course if your pumping the water like in the gutter system. If you were to grow plants say floating in a horse trough like the Jap. Iris then you'd just need to break the surface of the water to get CO2 to escape the water column and let some O2 back into the water that way.
As far as biological surface area, you want to have some sort of biological filter media attached to the intake of the pump like a sponge, or other ways to create lots of surface area where water passes over so the aerobic bacteria can breakdown the fish waste into NH3/NH4 (ammonia) NO2 (nitrite) and NO3 (nitrate) like I mentioned above. Without that the plants will not take up as much available nitrogen and the fish will suffer. You'd want to keep your NH3/NH4 at 0ppm, your NO2 at 0ppm and your NO3 at 5ppm. You can safely keep fish up to 20ppm of NO3 but @ 5ppm the plants are taking up almost everything your giving them. If your getting above 5ppm you can try increasing the water flow so the plants may be able take up more, or increase light and P,K and other trace elements to help increaes photosynthesis, or decrease your feedings or the number of fish to help balance things.
Thats also why I suggested using some feeder goldfish from the pet store. Use them as your "canary" to get things stablized and learn on them. Not that their life isn't important but the losses are less of a financial hit, and they are more tolerant to changes in water conditions than some other species.
Its really not that hard to get a system like that going. Its just the basics and then tweaking them to get you on the bullseye to growing really healthy plants and keeping your fish thriving.